The Library's goal is to serve and support the work of the Museum's scientific staff and scholars in natural history from around the world, as well as interested members of the general public.
Please see below for a menu of Library Services available:
A Reference Librarian is on duty to assist with research inquiries, use of Library resources and literature searches. Before contacting us, please consult our Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page and the Museum's FAQ page.
If our FAQ did not answer your query, click here to submit your question.
Reference Staff will take action and reply, as soon as possible, to all inquiries and messages received from Museum staff. Members of the public should also be advised that due to the high volume of questions we receive, we are only able to respond to select inquiries. Please note that response time for inquiries from the general public is approximately 4 weeks. You may find it helpful to begin your research at your local public, college, or university library; be sure to ask a reference librarian for help finding appropriate resources.
Users with a valid Museum-issued Identification Badge may register to use the Library. To register, users must submit a completed Library Privileges Form (this form must be signed by the relevant department or division head). The category of user will determine the level of privileges that the user has:
Borrowing Privileges: patron is allowed access to Main Stacks, Current Literature Room, photocopiers and the scanner. Patron may borrow materials and request interlibrary loans.
Reading Privileges: patron is allowed access to Main Stacks, Current Literature Room, photocopiers and the scanner. No borrowing or interlibrary loan.
Upon submission of the form, users must arrange for an orientation tour of the Library; privileges will be activated only after completion of an orientation session and tour.
Museum staff with Borrowing Privileges may authorize up to three other users with Borrowing Privileges to pick up materials from the Library and charge them to their account, acting as their deputy. As all borrowers will be alerted via email of any items charged to their account, authorizers will be alerted to any borrowing activity under their name (but we need to verify that this will be possible). Authorizers must complete a separate “Deputy” form for each person they select as deputy.
Only users with Borrowing Privileges may borrow materials from the Library. ALL MATERIALS MUST BE CHARGED OUT AT THE CIRCULATION/REFERENCE DESK BEFORE BEING REMOVED FROM THE LIBRARY AND ALL LIBRARY MATERIALS MUST BE USED IN THE MUSEUM ONLY. NO MATERIAL MAY BE REMOVED FROM MUSEUM PREMISES. Materials from the Rare Book Collections are non-circulating, as are materials in the Special Collections (excluding moving images that are in DVD or VHS format). Reference staff may also restrict the circulation of especially fragile materials. Reference staff will make every effort to accommodate users’ needs for access to and reproduction of fragile items. Reference Staff must approve any exceptions to circulation rules for Library materials.
Library users will be charged a replacement fee for materials that are lost, not returned when recalled, or not returned when the users terminate their association with the Museum (in this last case the Department will be invoiced directly). Library users (or Departments) have the option of paying the standard fine or providing a like-new replacement copy for any lost item and paying a $25 processing fee. The standard fine is the replacement cost plus a $25 processing fee.
In accordance with AMNH Library policy, information collected by the Library that identifies the intellectual pursuits of a patron (e.g. library circulation records, interlibrary loan requests, reference questions) will not be disclosed to others, including AMNH staff, except as necessary for enforcement of Library rules (e.g. collection of overdue materials, tracing missing volumes, fulfilling interlibrary loan borrowing requests).
Recalls are sent when a user requests to see an item that is already charged to someone else. Recall notices are sent by email. If the Library does not receive the item after a follow-up phone call to an initial email, the Library will call the department to investigate whether the original borrower is out-of-town so that we can contact another staff member in his/her department to find and return the item.
To qualify for Library privileges (including access to the Main Stacks, Current Literature Room, and Photocopiers) you must have a valid Museum badge.
To apply:

Laughing Owl, Sceloglaux albifacies by John G. Keulemans, from Ornithological Miscellany, Vol. 1 by George Dawson Rowley, London,1875. (AMNH image no. 6253)
The Library's Rare Book and Rare Folio collection grew from a need to protect and preserve the Library's research collection. As the Library grew and more time passed, a sizable number of books could be designated as rare. These collections now include over 14,000 volumes and continue to be integral part of the Museum's research collection, especially in the study of systematics. The collection includes field diaries and scrapbooks; richly illustrated, fragile or uniquely bound materials; limited and/or autographed editions; published and unpublished materials with special Museum association; materials of high monetary value; and rare books relevent to natural history, especially in those fields of interest at the Museum.
Access to materials in the Rare Book Collection is by appointment only. The Library's holdings of Rare Materials can be found in the Library Catalog by using a keyword search and limiting by "Location"="rare materials". To make an appointment to view rare material, please complete our Rare Book Collection Access Form.
“Rare Books” are defined as those parts of the Library collection that fit one or more of the following categories:
1) Volumes printed before 1850 in the Americas, and before 1775 in Europe and the other continents (these thresholds of rarity will be periodically advanced).
2) Items including a unique autograph or other unique manuscript elements (marginalia, annotations, etc.). Note that not all books signed by an author or illustrator are necessarily “rare”. Discretion is used in evaluating signed copies. The following criteria are considered:
a. The book itself (or all of the authors’ writings) is of special interest.
b. The book is an association copy, containing a signature, bookplate, or other evidence of ownership by a distinguished person, especially if the book itself or its owner is closely tied to the Museum.
3) Signed presentation copies of books written by a member of the Museum staff (whether on a subject of interest to the Museum or not).
4) Books known to be very scarce or known to be of especially high monetary value.
5) Original bindings of types which are extremely scarce, or which may be associated with known early binders and their shops, or with a particular owner and in general, books with unique or highly distinctive formats.
6) Books less than four inches in height.
7) Volumes with unique graphic elements such as hand-colored plates, significant maps or graphics and portfolios of unbound hand colored prints.
8) Classic or “landmark” books in the field, preferably in their first or definitive editions and subsequent revisions issued under the direct auspices of the author (for example, Darwin’s On the Origin of Species and its various editions) -- modern editions are thus normally excluded; also, first English editions of works originally published in other languages.
9) Limited editions (issued in editions of fewer than 200 copies).
10) Selected curiosa, (as, for example, Edgar Alan Poe’s plagiarized volume on conchology).
Please fill out the following form to request an item from our Rare Book Collection or Rare Folio Collection.
* Indicates a required field.
The Inter-Library Loan Department handles arrangements with other libraries for borrowing materials that are unavailable in the AMNH Library. This department also processes requests to lend materials from the AMNH Library collection. To contact the Inter-Library Loan Department please call (212) 769-5404 or email loan@amnh.org.
Before submitting an loan request, please check the Library's Catalog to verify that the item you are requesting is not already available in the Library.
Please fill out as much of the form below as possible, or use the comment box to cut and paste bibliographic information from another source.
* Indicates a required field.
Please fill out as much of the form below as possible, or use the comment box to cut and paste bibliographic information from another source.
* Indicates a required field.
Please fill out as much of the form below as possible, or use the comment box to cut and paste bibliographic information from another source.
* Indicates a required field.
Please fill out as much of the form below as possible, or use the comment box to cut and paste bibliographic information from another source.
* Indicates a required field.
This service is restricted to those with Full Library Privileges needing loans for work-related research.
Materials are loaned to the AMNH Library as a courtesy, and their conditions of use, including due dates, must be respected. Library users who need Inter-Library Loan materials for a longer period than the time allotted should discuss this matter with the Interlibrary Loan Manager. The Inter-Library Loan Manager may be able to renew the loan (in order to extend the due date) or borrow another copy of the item from a different library. Failure to return Inter-Library Loan materials on time jeopardizes the AMNH Library's liaisons with other libraries and could adversely affect other Museum staff needing Inter-Library Loan services. Users who return Inter-Library Loan materials late will be served with a formal warning. Users who subsequently return Inter-Library Loan materials late will lose Inter-Library Loan privileges.
Who may use the inter-library loan service?
What kinds of materials may be borrowed via inter-library loan?
May I request items that are missing from the Library's collection?
Do I have to pay for inter-library loans?
How will I know when the item I requested has arrived?
How long does it take to receive items through inter-library loan?
What is the length of the loan period?
Where do I return my loan?
Who may use the inter-library loan service?
If you are on Museum staff and have Full Library Privileges you may submit requests for inter-library loans to obtain materials that are unavailable in the Museum Library.
What kinds of materials may be borrowed via inter-library loan?
Books, journal articles, and microforms, are the most commonly borrowed items. (Libraries generally fill requests for journal articles with photocopies of the article rather than sending the original journal issue.) Other types of media and materials from non-circulating collections cannot usually be borrowed. Most libraries will not loan old, rare, or fragile materials.
May I request items that are missing from the Library's collection?
If an item owned by the Library cannot be found in the collection, you may request that it be obtained via inter-library loan.
Do I have to pay for inter-library loans?
There is no charge for this service, as long as the number of requests submitted is not excessive. Please note that interlibrary loan services are for Museum related research and business only, and not for personal use.
How will I know when the item I requested has arrived?
You will be notified by phone or email when the item arrives. Incoming items may be picked up at the Reference/Circulation Desk during regular Library hours. You will be asked to sign that you have received the item.
How long does it take to receive items through inter-library loan?
Most items take two to four weeks to arrive. Some items are more difficult to obtain and may take longer.
What is the length of the loan period?
Loan periods are established by the lending library and can vary. A typical loan period is three weeks.
Where do I return my loan?
Loans must be returned at the Reference/Circulation Desk.
For additional information, please call the Inter-Library Loan office at 769-5404 or send an email to loan@amnh.org.
Museum staff may suggest books or journals for purchase by filling out the Book Acquisition Request Form or the Journal Acquisition Request Form.
Before submitting requests, please consult the Library Catalog to make sure that item is not already available in the collection or on order.
Please fill out as much of the form below as possible, or use the comment box to cut and paste bibliographic information from another source.
* Indicates a required field.
Please fill out as much of the form below as possible, or use the comment box to cut and paste bibliographic information from another source.
* Indicates a required field.
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of photocopies and other reproductions of copyrighted materials; patrons using the photocopy machine are liable for any infringement of this law.
We have two self-service photocopy machine available in the Library, one in the reading room for the public and the other in our current literature reading room for staff. A self-service scanning machine (KIC) is also available. Users can create full color scans up to 17x24" in size and save the files to a USB drive or send them via email.
Archives, manuscripts, rare, fragile, and oversize materials may not be photocopied using the self-service photocopy machine. Library staff will photocopy or scan these materials for you (providing the items are stable enough to be handled). To obtain a copy of an image from our Photograph Collection, please refer to our Obtaining Photographic Images page.
| Item | Price (US$) |
| self-service black & white photocopy (staff) | free |
| self-service black & white photocopy (public) | 0.20 per page |
| self-service digital scan (staff) | free |
| self-service digital scan (public) | free |
| black & white photocopy (copies made by Library staff) | 0.50 per page |
| digital scan (scans made by Library staff) | 0.50 per page |
| color photocopy (copies made by Library staff) | 5.00 per page |
| Item | Price (US$) |
| digital scan (scans made by Library staff) | 0.50 per page |
| black & white photocopy (copies made by Library staff) | 0.50 per page |
| color photocopy (copies made by Library staff) | 5.00 per page |
| photocopy/scan of items from the photograph collection | Please refer to our Obtaining Photographic Images page |
Users who need photocopies/scans of materials from the Library -- but cannot come to the Library in person -- should contact the inter-library loan department of their local public, college, or university library for assistance. Users who do not have access to any local interlibrary loan services may request items directly from the AMNH Reference Department by following the procedure below:
1. Check our catalog to verify that we own the article: http://libcat.amnh.org.
2. Email Library Reference the citation for the item, including its call number (from our catalog) so that we can locate it in our collection.
3. We will fulfill your request unless the item is too fragile to be photocopied/scanned. Be aware that if the order is for a large number of pages from a single volume, we may decline to make the photocopy/scan.
4. We will send you an invoice for the cost of making those copies. The charge is $0.50 per page. For overseas orders there will be an additional shipping charge for photocopied items.
5. Once we receive your check or money order payment (in U.S. Dollars) we will send the photocopies or scans.
Images can be licensed for use in publications, films, broadcasts, websites, or other forms of reproduction. For more information, please refer to our Obtaining Photographic Images page.
Requests to reprint, reproduce or use any material from an AMNH Scientific Publications (Bulletin, Novitates, or Anthropological Papers) for strictly academic purposes can be submitted via our AMNH Scientific Publications Permission Form. Please contact Library Reference if you have any questions about the form or if you would like to use material from an AMNH Scientific Publications for commercial purposes.
The Library licenses footage from many of the titles in the Archival Film Collection
(all asterisked titles in the Film List are available for licensing).
Please contact Special Collections for questions regarding licensing Archival Film Collection footage. Please note: The Museum does not own the rights to any of the films from the Margaret Mead Film & Video Festival or CBS Adventure Series, these titles are on deposit and are available for viewing only.
Click here to submit a question or request related to footage from Science Bulletins. For information on institutional subscriptions to Science Bulletins, please visit the Science Bulletins subscription website.
Please fill out the following form to request to reprint, reproduce, or otherwise use any material from a Museum publication (Bulletin, Novitates, or Anthropological Papers).
* Indicates a required field.
The Library has a fully equipped conservation laboratory where the latest preservation technology is used to protect the Library's unique collections. The Library's conservation laboratory began operation in 1989, and expanded into larger quarters in 1993. The laboratory supports a wide range of physical treatment, from box-making to minor repair to full conservation treatment of materials from the Library's collections. Equipment includes a sink with a water filtration system for aqueous treatments, a fume hood for solvent work, an ultrasonic welder, a cast iron board shear, as well as equipment for hand bookbinding.
The Conservation Department undertakes a wide range of preservation and conservation activities on an ongoing basis. The most important of these is maintaining a suitable environment for storage of Library materials 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Storage temperature is kept at 68 degrees F. and 40-45% relative humidity for all but the photographic materials, which are kept at 65 degrees F. and 35% RH.
Priority is given to the welfare of the collections as a whole, though individual treatments have not been neglected. The collections have been extensively surveyed in order to gather the information necessary for planning and decision making. Some of the projects which have been undertaken and completed, or which are still ongoing, include creating protective enclosures for fragile or damaged items which cannot be treated immediately (the Conservation Department creates on average over 2,000 enclosures of various kinds per year); repair and/or rebinding; full conservation treatment; aqueous and non-aqueous deacidification; preservation microfilming; facsimile reproduction onto alkaline paper; and polyester encapsulation.
Other activities include training Library and Museum staff in the correct ways to handle, clean, enclose, and shelve materials; consultation with the Acquisitions and Cataloging staff in making decisions concerning reformatting; the implementation of screening procedures to catch individual conservation problems in acquisition, in circulation, and during shelving; and assistance in the mounting of materials for exhibits.
The Library also has a long history of involvement in cooperative and regional activities, including membership in groups and organizations concerned with conservation and preservation, participation in and presentations given at conferences, seminars, and workshops, as well as contribution of articles to publications in the field.
Rhodes, Barbara J. Copy pencil. In: Media & techniques of works of art on paper New York: Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, 1999
----------. Before Photocopying: The Art and History of Mechanical Copying, 1780-1938 (New Castle DE: Oak Knoll Press and Heraldry Bindery, 1999). (with William W. Streeter)
----------. 18th and 19th century European and American paper binding structures: a case study of paper bindings in the American Museum of Natural History Library. The Book and Paper Group Annual Vol. 14:51-62, 1995.
----------. Consolidation of leather bookbindings with Parylene ‘N’: some observations. Leather Conservation News Vol. 10:30-33, 1994.
----------. Hell’s own brew: home book renovation from nineteenth century receipts to today’s kitchen chemistry; its legacy for preservation. The Paper Conservator Vol. 15:59-70, 1991.
----------. Preservation at the AMNH Library. Conservation Administration News No. 44:3, 27-29, January, 1991.
----------, ed.. Hold everything! A storage and housing information sourcebook (general editor) New York: METRO, 1990.
----------, ed.. Hell and high water: A disaster information sourcebook New York: METRO, 1988.
----------. The Columbia conservation internship. Conservation Administration News No. 28:9, 28, January, 1987.
Gennett, Mary. Conservation of research library collections at the American Museum of Natural History. Science and Technology Libraries Spring, 1987.
Root, Nina J. Preserving and maintaining museum library collections. In: Museum librarianship John C. Larsen, ed. Hamden, CT: Library Professional Publications, 1985.
Haas, Pamela. The conservation of photographic collections. Curator Vol. 26:89-106, 1983.
The key to extending the life of your books and papers is not necessarily in repairing them, but in preventing damage from occurring. More than anything else, preservation involves control of storage conditions, plus regularly checking through your collections to make sure no harmful situations have arisen (such as mold or insect infestations). If proper conditions are maintained, books and papers may last several times as long as they would have otherwise.
High humidity. Paper-based materials survive best in low or moderate relative humidity (RH). It also helps to keep the humidity as stable as possible. The AMNH Library keeps its books and documents at about 40-45% RH, but this may not be easy to achieve for a private collection. It is important to try to keep the RH below 65%, as after even a few days of humidity this high in a warm room (70 degrees Fahrenheit or above), mold may develop. Warm, humid conditions also encourage insect infestations. Books and papers should not be stored against outside walls, on damp floors, or anywhere they might be exposed to water. Basements and garages are usually not safe storage places for these materials.
Heat. High temperatures can be very harmful to paper, as they hasten its chemical deterioration. Generally speaking, the rate of this deterioration theoretically doubles for every 10 degrees Fahrenheit rise in temperature. The temperature in non-air-conditioned attics and garages in the summer months may well be high enough to damage books and papers.
Light. All light (especially sunlight and fluorescent light) is damaging to books and paper; it causes fading and contributes to some chemical deterioration. Typical results of light damage include fading, browning or other discoloration of pictures and documents hung on walls, and fading of book spines. Some materials are more sensitive than others, and will change noticeably in a short time if kept in bright light.
Rubber cement. This turns brown after a few years, and stains the paper; as the adhesive ages, it also loses its ability to hold things together.
Adhesive tapes. Any self-adhesive tape, such as "Magic Mending" tape or drafting tape may cause serious problems over time. For instance, mended paper which is weak may break along the edge of the tape used to repair a tear. The adhesives used can sink into the paper, staining it, and blurring some writing inks.
Rubber bands. These turn sticky, then hard. They will eventually break or worse, stick to whatever they are in contact with.
Paper clips. These make dents in paper, and can tear it when removed. They also rust.
Vinyl. This type of plastic is chemically unstable, and should be avoided when choosing notebooks, scrapbooks, and photograph albums. Inert plastics such as polyester (Mylar D, or Melinex 516), Polypropylene, and polyethylene are much safer to use.
Take steps to protect your materials from damage by fire, water, high temperatures and humidity, light, dust and soot, insects and rodents.
Use "archival quality" (acid-free, alkaline buffered, or inert) boxes, envelopes, file folders, plastic page protectors, etc. to store your documents. (See list of suppliers.) Keep acidic papers such as newsprint away from other materials.
Handle fragile materials carefully. Do not allow books on shelves to lean; once they become warped it is often impossible to return them to their original shape. Do not use books as coasters, doorstops, tables, or flower presses.
For those items requiring conservation treatment, consult a qualified conservator. You can find one in your area by calling the Conservation Services Referral System of the Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation, or by writing to the American Institute for Conservation, 1717 K St., N.W., Suite 301, Washington, DC, 20006. Phone: (202)452-9545, Fax: (202)452-9328.
Below is a list of companies which supply products for archival storage of books, documents, and photographs. This list does not constitute an endorsement of any company by the Museum or the Library. Catalogs are available from all of these suppliers. Not everything in these catalogs should be used on items of permanent value. If in doubt, especially about an adhesive product, consult a conservation professional, who can advise you on appropriate materials for various purposes.
Archival Products
P.O.Box 1413
Des Moines, IA 50305-1413
(515)262-3191 (800)526-5640
FAX (888)220-2397
E-mail: info@archival.com
Conservation Resources International
8000-H Forbes Place
Springfield, VA 22151
(800)634-6932
FAX (703)321-0629
Gaylord Bros.
PO Box 4901
Syracuse, NY 13221-4901
(800)448-6160
FAX (800)272-3412
Hollinger Corp.
PO Box 8360
Fredericksburg, VA 22404
(703)898-7300 (800)634-0491
FAX (703)898-8073 Toll-free FAX (800)947-8814
Light Impressions
PO Box 787
Brea, CA 92822-0787
(800)828-6216
FAX (800)828-5539
TALAS
568 Broadway
New York, NY 10012-9989
(212)219-0770
FAX (212)219-0735
(catalog is not free)
University Products, Inc.
517 Main St.
PO Box 101
Holyoke, MA 01041-0101
(800)628-1912
FAX (800)532-9821